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The ''praefectus annonae'' ("Prefect of the Provisions") was a Roman imperial official charged with the supervision of the grain supply to the city of Rome. Under the republic, the job was usually done by an aedile. However, in emergencies, or in times of extraordinary scarcity, an individual would be elected to the office, and would take charge of supplying the entire city with provisions. The first individual was appointed to this office in 439 BC.〔Liv. IV.12; Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, ii. p418〕 During the early 60s BC, following the sacking of the port of Ostia by pirates, Pompey held the powers of the office. Around 7 BC, the first Roman Emperor, Augustus, followed this example, and after vesting himself with these powers, specified that two former praetors should be appointed every year to carry out the functions of this office. Augustus transferred powers from the aedile to this office, and specified that all holders of this office be members of the Equestrian order. Augustus also specified that these officers were to be aided by an ''adjutor'' (from the 2nd century the ''subpraefectus''). Later, Augustus specified that these individuals must be of consular rank. After Augustus' reign, one individual would usually hold this office,〔Dion Cass. LII.24; Dig. 1 tit. 2 s.2 §33; 14 tit. 1 s.1 §18, tit. 5 s.8; 48 tit. 2 s.13〕 and this continued until the fall of the Roman Empire. During the later Empire, further ''praefecti annonae'' were established for the city of Alexandria (Egypt) and the province of Africa, the two chief sources of grain for the provisioning of Rome. ==List of known ''praefecti annonae urbis Romae''== *Pompeius Paulinus (49) *Gaius Turranius Gracilius *Faenius Rufus 55-62 *Maximinus *Flavius Domitianus (250/350) *Manilius Rusticianus (250/350) *Hostilius Antipater (268/328) *Flavius Arabianus (270/275) *Scribonius (286/312) *Flavius Octavius (300/400) *Gaius Caelius Saturninus (after 312) *Aurelius Victorianus (312-313) *Profuturus (318-319) *Mastichianus (326) * Neratius Cerealis (328) *Lucius Crepereius Madalianus (337/341) *Marcus Maecilius Memmius Furius Baburius Caecilianus Placidus (before 340) * Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus (340/350) *Antiochus (350/400) *Publius Attius Clementinus (350/400) *Flavius Hesychius (361/363) *Maximus (365) *Julianus (366) *Aurelianus (367) *Maximinus (368-370) *Ursicinus (372) *Sempronius Faustus (375/378) *Proculus Gregorius (377) *Herculius (383/388) *Nicetius (385) *Ragonius Vincentius Celsus (before 389) *Numerius Proiectus (393-394) *Caecilianus (396-397) *Petronius (400/500) *Acholius Abydius (400/600) *Vitalius (403) *Flavius Alexander Cresconius (425/450) *Achilles (450/550) *Sabinus (522) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Praefectus annonae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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